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Strains

Definition

A strain is when a muscle becomes overstretched and tears. This painful injury, also called a "pulled muscle," can be caused by an accident, improper use of a muscle, or overuse of a muscle.

Figures

Alternative Names

Pulled muscle

Causes

A strain may be caused by:

Excessive physical activity or effort
Improperly warming up before a physical activity
Poor flexibility

Symptoms

Symptoms of a strain can include:

Pain and difficulty moving the injured muscle
Discolored and bruised skin
Swelling

First Aid

Apply ice immediately to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place it directly on the skin. Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes every 1 hour for the first day. Then, every 3 to 4 hours.
Use ice for the first 3 days. After that, either heat or ice may be helpful.
Rest the pulled muscle for at least a day. If possible, keep the pulled muscle raised about your heart.
Avoid using a strained muscle while it is still painful. When the pain starts to go away, you can slowly increase activity.

Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if

Call your local emergency number, such as 911, if:

You are unable to move the muscle.
The injury is bleeding.

Call your doctor if the pain does not go away after several weeks.

Prevention

The following tips may help you reduce your risk of a strain:

Warm-up properly before exercise and sports.
Keep your muscles strong and flexible.

References

Brinker MR, O’Connor DP, Almekinders LC, et al. Physiology of Injury to Musculoskeletal Structures: 1. Muscle and Tendon Injury. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 1, section A.

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